Mitengo yezvinhu zvakakosha zvisingawanzo pasi (REEs) uye kudiwa kwevacheri vane hunyanzvi kuri kuwedzera sezvo kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika nemauto pakati peUnited States neChina kuri kuwedzera, Nikkei Asia yakashuma.
China inotonga indasitiri yepasi rose isingawanzo uye ndiyo chete nyika ine cheni yakakwana kubva kumigodhi, kunatsa, kugadzirisa kune isingawanzo pasi.
Kubva gore rapfuura, yakadzora 55 muzana yehuwandu hwepasi rose uye 85 muzana yekucheneswa kwepasi isingawanzo, sekureva kwemuongorori wezvigadzirwa Roskill.
Hutongi ihwohwo hunogona kukura, sezvo Beijing yakazivisa chido chayo che "kubatana kwehushamwari" nehurumende itsva yeTaliban yeAfghanistan, iyo inogara pamadhora 1 trillion ezvicherwa zvisina kushandiswa, sekureva kwenyanzvi dzepasi.
Pese China painotyisidzira kumisa kana kucheka kunze kwenyika, kutya kwenyika kunotumira isingawanzo simbi yepasi mitengo ichikwira.
Zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki zvepasi zvakakosha muhunyanzvi hwekucheka-zvese kubva kuzvombo, jet fighters seF-35, kune maturbine emhepo, midziyo yekurapa, maturusi emagetsi, nharembozha, uye mota dzemasanganiswa nemagetsi mota.
Chirevo chakaitwa neCongressional Research Service chakati F-35 yega yega inoda 417 kilogiramu yezvinhu zvisingawanzo zvepasi kugadzira zvinhu zvakakosha senge masisitimu emagetsi nemagineti.
Sekureva kwaNikkei Asia, Max Hsiao, maneja mukuru pane inogadzira chikamu chekuteerera muDongguan, China, anotenda kuti extrusion inobva kune magineti alloy inonzi neodymium praseodymium.
Mutengo wesimbi inoshandiswa nekambani yeHsiao kuunganidza vatauri veAmazon nelaptop inogadzira Lenovo wakawedzera zvakapetwa kaviri kubva munaChikumi gore rapfuura kusvika pa760,000 yuan ($117,300) patani muna Nyamavhuvhu.
"Kukwira kwemutengo weiyi kiyi yemagineti kwadzikisira muganho wedu nezvikamu makumi maviri kubva muzana ... izvo zvave kukanganisa kukuru," Xiao akaudza Nikkei Asia.
Iwo akakosha kune akasiyana ehunyanzvi giya - zvese kubva kune vatauri uye mota dzemagetsi mota kusvika kumidziyo yekurapa uye nemazvombo chaiwo.
Rare earths senge neodymium oxide, kiyi yekupinza mumamotor emagetsi nematurbines emhepo, yakwirawo 21.1% kubva kutanga kwegore, ukuwo holmium, iyo inoshandiswa mumagineti uye magnetostrictive alloys yemasensor uye actuators, yakakwira ingangoita 50% .
Nekushomeka kwezvekushandisa kuri kuuya, nyanzvi dzinoti kuwedzera kwemitengo yepasi isingawanzo kupedzisira kwakwidza mutengo wemagetsi evatengi mubhodhi.
Zvichakadaro, kune rimwe divi renyika, nzvimbo yakakwirira yerenje yeNevada iri kutanga kunzwa kuwedzera kwekuda kwezvinhu zvisingawanzo pasi.
MuNevada, vanhu vangangosvika zviuru gumi nezvishanu vanoshandirwa muindasitiri yemugodhi yehurumende. Mutungamiri weNevada Mining Association (NVMA) Tire Gray akati izvi zvaita kuti indasitiri iyi irasikirwe "nemabasa mashoma mazana mashanu" - izvo zvayakaita kwemakore.
Sezvo US inotarisa kuchengetedza macheni ekugovera epamba ezvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi uye zvimwe zvicherwa zvakakosha se lithium, kudiwa kwevazhinji vemigodhi kuchakura chete, sekureva kweshumo muNorth Nevada Business Week.
Mabhatiri eLithium akatanga kutaurwa muma1970 uye akatengeswa neSony muna 1991, uye ave kushandiswa mumafoni, ndege, uye mota.
Ivo zvakare vane mwero wakaderera wekuburitsa pane mamwe mabhatiri, vachirasikirwa ne5% mumwedzi zvichienzaniswa ne20% yemabhatiri eNiCd.
“Zvichada kuti tizadze mabasa atakashairwa pari zvino, uye pachange pachidiwa kuzadza mabasa achawanikwa nekuda kwekuwedzera kuri kuda kubva kumakambani emigodhi,” akadaro Gray.
Kuti izvozvo zviitike, Grey akanongedza kune yakarongwa lithium chirongwa paThacker Pass muHumboldt County, pedyo neOrowada.
"Vachada vashandi vekuvaka kuti vasimudzire migodhi yavo, asi vozoda vashandi venguva yakazara vanosvika mazana mana kuti vafambise migodhi," Gray akaudza NNBW.
Nyaya dzevashandi hadzisi dzakasiyana neNevada.Sekureva kweUS Bureau yeLabour Statistics (BLS), basa remigodhi uye geological engineering rinofungidzirwa kukura ne4% chete kubva 2019 kusvika 2029.
Sezvo kudiwa kwezvicherwa zvakakosha kuri kuramba kuchikwira, vashoma vashandi vane hunyanzvi vari kuzadza mabasa.
Mumiriri weNevada Gold Mines akati: “Tine rombo rakanaka kuona kukura kusati kwamboitika mubhizinesi redu.Nekudaro, izvi zvinowedzerawo kumatambudziko kubva pakuona kwevashandi.
"Tinotenda kuti chikonzero chiri kukonzeresa uku idenda uye shanduko yetsika muUnited States.
"Mushure mekunge denda rakonzera kukanganisa kwese kwehupenyu hwevanhu, semamwe kambani yese muAmerica, tiri kuona vamwe vevashandi vedu vachiongororazve sarudzo dzehupenyu hwavo."
MuNevada, muhoro wepakati pegore wevashandi vemigodhi yepasi pevhu nevashandi vemumigodhi imadhora makumi mashanu nemakumi mana nemazana mana;maererano neBLS, mihoro yemigodhi uye mainjiniya ejoloji yakapetwa kaviri kana kudarika ($93,800 kusvika $156,000).
Kunze kwematambudziko ekukwezva tarenda idzva muindasitiri, migodhi yeNevada iri munzvimbo dziri kure dzenyika - kwete yemunhu wese kapu yetii.
Vamwe vanhu vanofunga nezvevashandi vemumigodhi vakafukidzwa nedhaka nechidoro vari kushanda munzvimbo dzine ngozi, vachibudisa utsi hutema hunobva mumichina yechinyakare.Mufananidzo wakajeka waDickens.
"Nehurombo, nguva zhinji vanhu vachiri kuona indasitiri seindasitiri muma1860s, kana indasitiri ye1960s," Grey akaudza NNBW.
“Patinenge tiri pamberi chaizvo mukufambira mberi kweruzivo rwemichina.Tiri kushandisa tekinoroji yepamusoro uye iripo kuitira kuti tichere zvicherwa nenzira yakachengetedzeka.
Panguva imwecheteyo, US iri kushanda kuti ideredze kuvimba kwayo neChina pakatarisana nekuderera kwehukama hweUS-China uye hondo yehunyanzvi huri kubuda:
Jeff Green, purezidhendi wekambani inorwira kodzero dzeJA Green & Co, akati: "Hurumende iri kuisa mari mukuvaka hunyanzvi hutsva, ichiedza kuvaka zvese zvekutengesa.Mubvunzo ndewekuti tinogona kuzviita here nehupfumi. "
Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iyo US ine mirairo yakasimba pahutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda, izvo zvinowanzoita kuti kugadzira kudhure.
Zvinotoshamisa ndezvokuti, kudiwa kweChina kwezvinhu zvisingawanzo wanikwa pasi kwakakwirisa zvekuti zvapfuura zvemumba kwemakore mashanu apfuura, izvo zvave kukonzera kuwanda kwekutengwa kweChina.
"Chengetedzo yepasi isingawanzo yeChina haina kuvimbiswa," akadaro David Zhang, muongorori wezvekubvunza Sublime China Information.
"Zvinogona kuenda kana hukama hweUS-China hwadzikira kana mukuru weMyanmar afunga kuvhara muganho."
Zvinyorwa: Nikkei Asia, CNBC, Northern Nevada Bhizinesi Vhiki, Simba Technology, BigThink.com, Nevada Mining Association, Marketplace.org, Financial Times
Nzvimbo ino, semamwe masayiti mazhinji, inoshandisa mafaira madiki anonzi makuki kutibatsira kuvandudza nekugadzirisa ruzivo rwako.Dzidza zvimwe nezve mashandisiro atinoita makuki mumutemo wedu wekuki.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-03-2022